为探讨耕作方式对小麦产量的影响,研究了新型耕作方式——粉垄耕作对旱地潮土冬小麦生长和产量的影响,以期从农作制度的改进上破解粮食增产问题,保障国家粮食安全。设旋耕(12~16cm,CK)和粉垄耕作(FL1:20~30 cm,FL2:30~40 cm)3个处理。结果表明,粉垄耕作能够增加小麦的穗粒数和产量。FL1、FL2处理的群体数分别为730.6万茎/hm2、761.4万茎/hm2,分别比CK(683.9万茎/hm2)显著增加46.7万茎/hm2、77.5万茎/hm2。FL1、FL2处理的小麦穗粒数均为31.2粒,比CK(26.8粒)极显著增加4.4粒。FL1、FL2处理能增强旗叶的光合性能,小麦旗叶的SPAD值分别为51.3、46.7,均极显著高于CK(20.2)。FL1(8 137.6 kg/hm2)、FL2(8 481.2 kg/hm2)处理的小麦产量均显著高于CK(6 518.5 kg/hm2),分别比CK增产24.8%、30.1%。
In this paper,effects of a new tillage model( smashing ridge tillage) on the growth and yield of winter wheat were studied,so as to increase the wheat yield through improving the farming system and ensure the national food safety. Three treatments were arranged: smashing ridge tillage FL1( 20- 30 cm),smashing ridge tillage FL2( 30- 40 cm),and rotation tillage CK( 12- 16 cm). The results showed that the available spikes of wheat for FL1 and FL2 were 7. 306 and 7. 614 million spikes per hector respectively,which were 0. 467 and 0. 775 million spikes higher than that of CK( 6. 839 million spikes per hector),reaching the significant level. The kernels per spike of FL1( 31. 2) and FL2( 31. 2) were also significantly higher than that of CK( 26. 8). In addition,FL1 and FL2 treatments could improve the ability of photosynthesis of flag leaves. The SPAD values of flag leaves for FL1 and FL2 were 51. 3 and 46. 7 respectively,significantly higher than that of CK( 20. 2). Finally,the grain yield of FL1( 8 137. 6 kg / ha) and FL2( 8 481. 2 kg /ha) was 24. 8%( FL1) and 30. 1% higher than that of CK( 6 518. 5 kg /ha) respectively,reaching the significant level.