中文摘要：

完整极性膜脂作为活的微生物细胞的化学标志物,能够反映海洋沉积物中现存微生物群落结构和生物量等信息。与生物学方法相比,完整极性膜脂分析技术具有无需培养、快速和普适性等特点。综述了海洋沉积物中细菌和古菌的细胞膜完整极性膜脂的组成特点及其在生物地球化学和微生物生态学等研究中的应用,重点评述了在生物地球化学循环中有特殊作用的微生物,如厌氧氨氧化细菌、甲烷氧化古菌、氨氧化古菌、具有四醚膜脂结构的海洋泉古菌等,或者是一些特殊生态系统,如冷泉、海底深部生物圈等研究中完整极性膜脂应用的进展。还简要介绍了完整极性膜脂的分析方法,并对其应用前景进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Intact polar membrane lipids（IPLs）can serve as chemical biomarkers of living cells that can provide information on the extant microbial community structure and in situ microbial processes.IPLs analysis is a culture independent,rapid and non-selective procedure in contrast to biological methods.The compositions of cell membrane intact polar membrane lipids of bacteria and Achaea and their applications in the researches of biogeochemistry and microbial ecology are summarized in this paper.The recent progresses of IPLs applications are reviewed,with emphasis on those microorganisms that play a specific role in biogeochemical cycle,such as anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria,anaerobic methanotrophic Achaea,ammonia-oxidizing Achaea and marine Crenarcheota with tetraether lipids,or those special ecological systems,such as hydrothermal vent,cold seep and marine deep biosphere.The advances of analytical method for microbial IPLs in marine sediments are briefly introduced,and their application prospects are proposed.