中文摘要：

文章综述了近年来有关酵母菌在自然界中的分布和生态功能方面的研究进展。酵母菌作为单细胞真菌在自然界分布非常广泛，从生物体体表和体内到土壤、淡水、海洋等环境都发现大量酵母菌存在。酵母菌拥有丰富的酶系统和蛋白质，对高糖环境、高碳环境、高渗透压环境等具有较强适应性，可以为其他生物体提供营养物质，可以代谢重金属或者降解某些难降解的物质，维持生态环境的稳定。正因为此，酵母菌在工农业生产以及实践中被广泛应用。

英文摘要：

Current research about distribution and function of yeasts in eco-environments was summarized. As a kind of Single cell fungi, yeasts are widely distributed in the natural environments including biological bodies, soil, waters and marine. They could produce plentiful enzyme and protein, and have high abilities of adaptation to various environments such as high strength of sugar or other carbon concentration, high hydrostatic pressures. Yeasts play very important roles in providing nutrition for other living things and keeping eco-environments stable due to their high abilities of detoxifying heavy metals and decomposing various recalcitrant substances. Yeasts are widely used in industry, agriculture and other practice.