中文摘要：

超电荷绿色荧光蛋白（sc GFP）是一种表面带很高净电荷的新型功能蛋白质。ScGFP具有很强的水溶性和抗蛋白质聚集的能力,在生物技术、医药和材料科学方面有着广泛的应用前景。带正电荷的sc GFP能够穿透细胞膜,具有运载核酸和蛋白质等生物大分子进入哺乳动物细胞内的能力。与传统的转运载体相比,sc GFP有细胞毒性低、转运效率高和具广泛的细胞普适性等优点。带正电荷的sc GFP与带负电荷的核酸分子之间通过静电相互作用形成自组装的多离子复合物,这与生物体中的组蛋白和带负电荷的DNA之间自组装成染色质的行为非常相似。本文以带有36个正电荷的超电荷绿色荧光蛋白（＋36GFP）为例,对超电荷蛋白的性质,细胞穿透能力以及其作为生物大分子穿透载体的应用等方面做一综述。

英文摘要：

Supercharged green fluorescent protein（ scGFP） is a novel functional protein with high net charges on the surface. ScGFP has high water solubility,a strong anti-aggregation ability,and broad applicability prospects in the fields of biotechnology,medicine and materials sciences. In addition,scGFP can penetrate the cell membrane with the ability to carry large molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins into mammalian cells. Compared with traditional transporters,scGFP has many advantages,such as low cytotoxicity,high transport efficiency and universal applicability in cells. The positively charged scGFP interacts with the negatively charged nucleic acid molecules,and self-assembles into electric ion complexes,which are very similar to chromatin assembly between histones and negatively charged DNA through electrostatic interaction. In this review,we focus on the 36-positive charged green fluorescent protein （ ＋ 36GFP） to summarize the scGFP properties,and its ability of cell penetrating and application as the carrier of biological macromolecules.