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中文摘要：
基于1985-2014年中国粮食（稻谷、小麦和玉米）生产成本的省级宏观数据,采用随机前沿成本函数模型对三种作物生产成本上升之源进行了研究。结果表明：1）要素价格调整效应是驱动粮食生产成本增加的首要因素,其次是生产规模效应,而技术进步效应和效率改进效应均能降低粮食生产成本,但技术进步效应降低成本的作用更明显。2）劳动、化肥和其他要素价格均表现出正的价格调整效应,其中劳动价格影响最大。3）三种作物均存在规模经济性,但稻谷的规模经济性有所下降,而小麦和玉米的规模经济性有略微的提升。4）技术进步效应能降低生产成本,其中,稻谷的技术进步效应对成本的降低作用要高于小麦和玉米,但效率提升对降低生产成本的作用较小。基于上述研究结论,我们认为进一步深化规模化种植、推动农业生产技术进步和推进小麦、玉米机械作业等均能降低粮食生产成本。与此同时,考虑到农业生产要素价格上涨趋势不可避免,可以尝试增加农产品附加值（如套种）、延长农产品产业链等来增加土地收益,从而提高农民生产积极性,保障我国粮食供给安全。
英文摘要：
Based on the provincial production cost data of rice,wheat,and corn and applying a stochastic frontier cost function,this paper investigated the driving forces of rising production costs of main grains in China.Results show that：1） rising grain production costs are mainly attributed to increased input prices and deteriorated scale effects.On the contrary,both technological progress and efficiency change,particularly the former one,can lower the production costs;2） increasing prices of labor,fertilizer and other inputs contribute to the soaring production costs,of which rising labor cost has the largest impact;3） the scale effect of rice declined slightly,while that of wheat and corn increased slightly;and 4） technological progress can reduce main grain production costs,especially for rice;while efficiency change only has limited influence on reducing production costs.This study implicates that increasing production scale and promoting technology and mechanization in wheat and corn production can reduce production costs.In addition,developing valueadded agricultural production system（e.g.,interplanting） and extending the value chain of agriculture products can serve as an alternative way to increase land yield,and stimulate farmers＇ interests and improve China＇s food security.
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