中文摘要：

液体危化品大量地通过罐车运输,目前液体危化品罐车卸货完成后从通用卸货管道上拔掉卸货软管时,发生软管内残余液体危化品外喷伤人现象,其原因是液体危化品罐车卸货完毕,关闭罐车上的卸货阀门后,软管内压力大于管口大气压,在从通用卸货管道上拔掉卸货软管时,造成管内残余液体危化品从管口外喷,拔管时出现的外喷现象的动力,就是来自于这种压差。提出解决该问题的方法是对罐车的卸货装置进行简单改造,增加一个调节装置来平衡卸货软管内与外界大气压,消除液体外喷的动力。并在一家危险化学品经营企业的浓硝酸运输罐车上进行了实践应用,证明了该方法安全可行,提高了浓硝酸卸货时的安全性。

英文摘要：

A large number of liquid hazardous chemicals are transported by tanker.In this study,the problems when disconnecting discharge hose after liquid hazardous chemicals tanker complete unloading were introduced,such as splash wounding and pollution of the environment.According to the pressure principle,the causes of the problems were analyzed.It showed that the cause of the problem was because hose nozzle pressure was greater than atmospheric pressure after close,and lead to the spray of hazardous chemicals.The power of the splash phenomenon came from this pressure.In this paper a design of simple transformation about the discharge devices of liquid hazardous chemicals tanker was presented.Then it was studied experimentally in a company of dangerous chemicals business.The results showed that this method is safe and feasible and it can improve the safety of concentrated nitric acid discharge.The method is not complex transformation of discharge devices,but only increase in ball control-oriented conditioning.It has advantages of low cost,easy transformation,economic and practical.The method has strong economic and social benefits and would be worth to popularize.