中文摘要：

成本较为低廉的钠离子电池成为储能领域的新秀，备受关注．以Na2CO3，CuO，Fe2O3,MnO2和TiO2为原料，通过简单的固相反应法合成了一系列新型Cu基隧道结构化合物．通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电化学性能测试对所得样品的结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行了表征．XRD结果表明材料结构与NaO2一样为隧道结．44MnO构，空间群为pbam．室温下的电化学性能测试表明Mn替代的样品在1．5～4．1V的范围内表现出了90mAteg的比容量，循环稳定，倍率性能较好，1C容量保持率仍为74％．XPS结果验证了Cu在充放电过程中参与了变价．原位XRD结果表明Na0.66Cu0．17Mn0.33Ti0.5O2电极材料在1．5～4．1V的范围内可以保持稳定的隧道型结构．本工作首次报道了Cu在隧道型结构材料中的变价行为，为进一步设计隧道结构的材料以及钠离子电池正极材料提供新思路．

英文摘要：

Lithium-ion batteries have dominated the electronic and portable device market, since its commercialization in 1990s. However, the cost gets boosted because of the shortage and uneven distribution of lithium. Due to the advantage of cost compared with lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries are considered as the potential candidates for large scale energy storage systems. Cu based tunnel type materials were first synthesized through simple solid state reaction, with Na2CO3, CuO, Fe2O3, MnO2 and TiO2 as starting materials. These raw materials were weighed and grounded in an agate mortar, followed by heat treatment at 950 ℃ for 24 h in air. The obtained samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and electrochemical performance test. The XRD results demonstrate the tunnel structure was formed with space group pbam （the same with Nao.44MnO2） for each compound. SEM observation manifests that the distribution of particle size is from several hundred of nanometers to several micrometers. The specifically designed compound with Mn substitution （Na0.66Cu0.17Mn0.33Ti0.50O2） can deliver 90 mAh/g cycled between 1.5-4.1 V. Good cycling stability was verified for this compound, of which 90% of its capacity maintained after 50 cycles at 0. 1C rate. Moreover, the rate capability is also good and 74% of its capacity remained when cycled at 1C rate. Charge transfer mechanism was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and the electroactivity of Cu3＋/Cu2＋ in this tunnel structure was proved. In addition, we also performed in-sire XRD in order to examine the structure change during sodium extraction and intercalation. Only solid solution reaction took place during the test with shift of peaks or change of the peaks＇ intensity, however without the appearance of new peaks or disappearance of existed peaks. Here we report, for the first time, the electroactivity of Cu3＋/Cu2＋ in tunnel type structure. Our results provide new insights in designing tu