中文摘要：

结合国际和国内有关微生物碳酸盐沉积研究的主要成果,归纳微生物碳酸盐沉积的定义、特征、分类和研究范围;探讨微生物碳酸盐沉积在地质时期重大气候和环境变化事件、全新世环境气候变化和恢复以及矿物沉淀、油气成储和天然气水合物示踪等方面的研究和应用意义;并综合微生物碳酸盐沉积建造与油气成藏的关系和最新研究成果,以及微生物碳酸盐目前的研究热点和发展趋势,指出微生物碳酸盐沉积作为微生物活动、碳酸盐沉积和地球化学综合作用的产物是沉积学、古生物学、石油地质学、沉积地球化学（、古）环境学和（古）气候学研究的新的切入点。

英文摘要：

This paper clarified the characteristics,definition,classification and the research aspects of microbial carbonates,documented the research and application significances of microbial carbonates in major environmental and climatic events,Holocene climate change research and environmental restoration work,as well as in mineral deposition,oil and gas reservoirs,and tracing the hydrate,and further discussed the relationships between microbial carbonate buildups and hydrocarbon reservoirs and latest research achievements on this research field,as well as the research focus and development tendency of microbial carbonates.As a product formed by integrated processes of microbial activities,carbonate sedimentology and geochemistry,microbial carbonates could be a new intersection for sedimentological,paleontological,petroleum geological,sedimentary geochemical,paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic studies.