中文摘要：

在对清代王闿运所著的《湘绮楼日记》中长达40余年（1869-1916）的冬季（12月－2月）天气记录进行整理之后，从王闿运在湖南长沙、衡阳一带记录的30多个完整冬季之中，提取了一个特殊的寒冬——1877－1878年冬天（记录于长沙境内）。将这年的天气记录与日记中其他年份进行比较，其寒冷程度可以明显地体现在以下几个方面：（1）降雪——降雪日数14天，为最多的年份之一，且降雪次数最多；（2）积雪——积雪日数在27天以上，为历年之最；（3）冰冻——根据该年日记记录，冰冻的严重程度和持续时间均超过其他年份；（4）《日记》作者感受——王闿运留下了大量对“寒”、“暖”的感应记录，这一年有历年最多的“寒”记录（15条）和最少的“暖”记录（0）。由此可以得出结论：1877—1878年冬天是《湘绮楼日记》中所仅见的、异常寒冷的严冬。文中对这年当地冬季严寒的天气过程和气候特点进行了初步分析。

英文摘要：

The 1877-1878 winter, according to the records in the book Xiangqilou Diary written by Wang Kaiyun in the late Qing Dynasty, has been proved to be one of the extremely cold winters during 1869-1916 around Changsha and Hengyang cities in Hunan Province. The degree of the coldness in the 1877-1878 winter can be reflected by the following aspects through the comparison between weather records of that year and other years. （1） Snowfall： There were 14 snowing days in that year in which it snowed much more frequently than other years. （2） Duration of tim： Duration of tim in that winter was 27 days at least, which was not only the longest one from 1869 to 1916, but also much longer than any others from 1951 to 1980. （3） Freezing： According to the frequent descriptions in the book, that winter should be very cold for its more serious condition and the longer duration of freezing. （4） Description on cold/warm feelings： Actually, the description on cold/warm feelings was Wang＇s feeling of the weather. Among the descriptions on all the 32 winters recorded in the diary during 1869-1916, there were fifteen ＂records of coldness＂ and no ＂records of warmness＂ for the 1877-1878 winter. According to these lines of evidence, it can be easily inferred that the 1877-1878 winter was the coldest one in more than 30 winters of 1869-1916.At the end, analysis is made on the weather process and the climate characteristics causing the severe coldness in that winter.