中文摘要：

采用无溶剂微波辅助提取（SFME）和微波水蒸气蒸馏（MAHD）提取花椒挥发油,比较了二者的提取动力学及挥发油化学成分的差异。结果表明,SFME的提取动力学曲线分为两段,速率常数k分别为0.11和0.13 min-1;而MAHD的无此分段现象,k值为0.054 min-1。SFME蒸气速率（2.50 mL·min-1）小于MAHD（2.70 mL·min-1）,而提取速率反而高于MAHD,说明SFME消除了挥发油由植物内部扩散至水相的限速步骤。花椒挥发油的主要成分为单萜类含氧化合物C10H18O的五种异构体桉油素（SFME：70.52%,MAHD：56.05%）、α-里哪醇（SFME：2.14%,MAHD：7.62%）、反式-3-萜品醇（SFME：8.68%,MAHD：7.01%）、反式-4-异丙基-1-甲基-2-环己烯-1-醇（SFME：5.45%,MAHD：6.47%）和顺式-4-异丙基-1-甲基-2-环己烯-1-醇（SFME：3.37%,MAHD：5.23%）。MAHD由于提取速率慢、时间长,并以挥发油扩散至极性溶剂水为限速步骤,提取到较多低挥发性的沸点和极性偏高的成分。

英文摘要：

Using solvent free microwave extraction（SFME） and microwave assisted hydro-distillation（MAHD）,respectively,the extraction kinetics and the chemical compositions of essential oil extracted from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim（ZbM） were compared.The results show that the kinetic curve of SFME appears to be divided into two sections,and their rate constants k are 0.11 min-1 and 0.13 min-1,respectively.However,the kinetic curve of MAHD doesn＇t have any segmentation and its rate constant k is 0.054 min-1 only.Since no solvent is used in SFME,there is no extraction rate-limiting step of essential oil diffusing from ZbM to solvent,the essential oil extraction rate of SFME is faster than that of MAHD in spite of the fact that the steam evaporation rate of SFME（2.50 mL×min-1） is smaller than that of MAHD（2.70 mL×min-1）.The main compositions of essential oil extracted from ZbM are five isomers of monoterpene oxygenates with the formula of C10H18O： they are cineol（SFME： 70.52%,MAHD： 56.05%）,α-linalool（SFME： 2.14%,MAHD： 7.62%）,trans-p-menth-1-en-3-ol（SFME： 8.68%,MAHD：7.01%）,trans-4-isopropyl-1-methy-2-cyclohexenyl-1-01（SFME：5.45%,MAHD： 6.47%） and cis-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-2-cyclohexenyl-1-01（SFME：3.37%,MAHD： 5.23%）.Because the MAHD has the extraction rate-limiting step of essential oil diffusing from ZbM to the polar solvent water,the extraction rate of MAHD is lower and the extraction time is longer,and the essential oil extracted by MAHD contains more low-volatile compositions with higher boiling point and polarity than that extracted by SFME.