中文摘要：

摘要：运用具有高时间分辨率的ERP技术，研究专业网球选手在比赛多拍回合不同时间点判断击球落点的行为表现及大脑认知加工特征。结果显示：高水平选手在对手球出手后360ms判断落点速度最快、准确率最高，球出手后240ms是影响被试判断落点反应时间的关键时间点。高级组选手诱发P1、N1（FCz点）成分波幅小于中级组，大脑后部N1在顶区波幅达到最大；枕区P300波幅最明显，高水平选手大脑皮层诱发P300的潜伏期短；高级组诱发出的晚期慢负波N650和LNC（1500-2200ms）波幅显著大于中级组。这一成果表明，网球选手判断击球落点准确率必须依赖球路线索关键信息和掌握球出手的最佳时间点才能实现；高水平网球选手能更多的将认知资源投入到判断击球落点准确率的球路线索关键信息和球出手的最佳时间点，这种节省化认知策略是源于其丰富的比赛经验；高水平选手能根据特定运动情境提取相关知觉信息，形成对特定信息检索的自动化决策模式。

英文摘要：

The study based on the event-related potentials （ERPs） to explore the performance and cognitive char- acteristics of the forecast of tennis athletes in ball placement in different temporal occlusions. The results showed that, the skilled tennis athletes reacted faster than less-skilled athletes, most prominently at 360 ms after the stroke of the opponent. 240 ms after the stroke of the opponent is the critical time influencing the forecast of the subjects. For the advanced group, the amplitude of P1 and N1 （FCz point） component in frontal central was sig- nificantly higher than the middle level group. And N1 in cortex reached maximum in parietal area. The amplitude of P300 in occipital region is the largest. The latency of P300 in skilled athletes was shorter than less-skilled ath- letes. The N650 and LNC （1 500 -2 200 ms）in skilled athletes was more negative than less-skilled athletes. In conclusion, the results showed that the accurate forecast on the shot placement can only be achieved by key infor- mation and best time points out the ball. Skilled athletes input more cognitive resource into clues key information in judging shot point than less-skilled athletes. This kind of economic change cognitive strategy is rooted in its rich experience. It is showed that skilled athletes could extract information according to specific movement situation. Its decision model was automated.