中文摘要：

随着栽培要求的不断增长，大型海藻的遗传育种逐渐成为海水养殖的重要内容。本文对大型海藻遗传育种的基本概念及品种的作用和研究简史进行了整理。就大型海藻的主要育种途径及工作，如：育种目标、种质资源、选择、引种、自交、选育、突变、杂交和杂种优势，纯系育种与细胞融合、转基因和分子标记辅助育种等进行了综述，并讨论了大型海藻遗传育种中存在的问题及解决方案。

英文摘要：

According to the increased requirements of cultivation, the genetic breeding of seaweeds becomes the most important aspect of aquaculture. The genetic breeding of seaweeds and the function of cultivar were refined in this review. The methods routinely existed in breeding of seaweeds, such as breeding object confirmation, germ plasm resources, selection, introducing, inbreeding, choice, mutation, hybridize, and heterosis, pure line breeding and cell fusion, transgene and molecular assistant breeding were reviewed in this paper. The works of seaweeds breeding in China are introduced, the problems in seaweeds breeding and their strategies are discussed also.