中文摘要：

用Stokes矢量描述光的偏振状态,光学器件对光的作用,用相应的Mueller矩阵表示,根据散射介质的对称性,从理论上推导出了生物组织背向散射Mueller矩阵的分布,对球形粒子组成的散射介质,画出了各Mueller矩阵元随方位角的分布图,与相应的实验结果进行了比较,结果表明,由球形散射粒子组成的不同粒子直径、不同浓度的散射介质,其背向散射Mueller矩阵的分布花样具有相似性,要区分各散射介质中散射粒子的大小、浓度等特征,必须细致的研究散射介质背向散射Mueller矩阵分布花样强度随径向的变化.

英文摘要：

The state of polarization is described by a stokes vector. Every optical element can be represented uniquely by a Mueller matrix. Based on the axial symmetry of the system, a simple explanation of the Mueller matrix patterns was presented. The calculations of the Mueller matrix was compared with measurements from a turbid medium that consisted of polystyrene spheres. The result showed that the backscattering Mueller matrix patterns were similar for different sizes and concentrations of the polystyrene spheres. To differentiate the turbid medium ; we must carefully study the variances of the intensity with radiance of the backscattering Mueller matrix patterns.