中文摘要：

土壤水分对水圈、生物圈以及大气圈之间的相互作用有着及其重要的影响，是土壤物理学、水文学研究的重要内容。干旱区生态环境脆弱，土壤水分是干旱区植物生长发育所需水分的唯一来源。以和田地区于田绿洲为例，对研究区春、夏、秋季节土壤含水量水平和垂直空间变异性进行分析，揭示干旱区绿洲土壤水分空间变化规律。结果表明：（1）于田绿洲土壤含水量具有季节性规律，春季含水量均值为0．139％，夏季为0．110％，秋季为0．123％，春季含水量高于秋季高于夏季。垂直分布上随着土壤深度的增加，土壤含水量呈逐渐增大的趋势。（2）各个季节、不同深度的土壤含水量的空间自相关性上表示出相似的变化趋势，在空间单元为1时，具有强空间自相关性。（3）研究区垂直空间分布相关性较弱，变异主要由随机因子作用而产生；绿洲内部土壤含水量明显高于外围地区。

英文摘要：

Spatial variability causes uneven soil moisture distribution in the arid area. Soil moisture has an impor- tant influence on the interaction among the hydrosphere , the biosphere and the atmosphere, and the precipitation is less and the soil moisture is one of the important factors to maintain the growth of vegetation. In order to analyze the spatial variability of soil moisture and its distribution trend in different seasons and at different soil depths based on the measured data of moisture in the rub of field test and Yutian Oasis, Xinjiang, China taken as the study zone, the geo-statistics combined with GIS was applied to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of the soil moisture content. Soil moisture content measurements were performed biweekly at six depths in soil profile （0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60,60-80, 80-100 cm） from April to October. The results shows that Yutian Oasis soil moisture content has a seasonal pattern, the spring average soil moisture is 0.139%, the summer is 0.110%, and the autumn is 0.123%. In the vertical distribution, the soil moisture shows a gradually increasing trend with soil depth increasing. In all sea- sons, the spatial autocorrelation of soil moisture content at different depths shows a similar trend, with strong spatial autocorrelation as the spatial unit is 1. Human activities are the dominant affect factors. In the study area, soil mois- ture has significant spatial variability, than that outside the oasis significantly while spatial correlation is weak; soil water content inside the oasis is higher than that outside the oasis significantly.