中文摘要：

2013年6月～2014年6月，在河南省新乡夏玉米-冬小麦试验田设置四种处理即农民常规施肥（ F 处理，250 kg/hm^2）、减氮20%（ LF 处理，200 kg/hm^2）、减氮20%＋黑炭（LFC），以不施肥处理为对照（CK），采用静态箱-气相色谱法，对夏玉米-冬小麦生长季土壤CO2和 N2O排放通量动态进行测定。结果表明：①夏玉米-冬小麦田的土壤 CO2排放通量为21.8～1022.7 mg/（m^2·h），土壤 CO2排放通量主要受土壤温度和水分的影响，在夏玉米季受土壤水分的影响更为显著，而在冬小麦季则为5 cm土层处的温度对其影响更为突出。减施氮肥20%处理和减氮加生物黑炭共同作用使土壤CO2累积排放量显著降低，小麦生长季的减排作用尤为显著。②施肥和灌溉是影响土壤 N2O排放的最主要因素，施肥期间 N2O排放量分别占夏玉米季和冬小麦季累积排放量的73.9%～74.5%和40.5%～43.6%；施肥量主要影响排放峰的强度，灌溉主要影响排放峰出现时间的早晚且会影响不同措施的减排效果。③夏玉米-冬小麦田农民常规施肥水平的 N2O 排放系数为0.60%，减氮施肥的 N2O排放系数为0.56%。在华北平原高产集约化农田适当减氮施肥不仅能降低农田土壤温室气体排放，且对作物产量无影响，是适宜的温室气体减排措施。

英文摘要：

This experiment was conducted in Xinxiang, Henan from June 2013 to June 2014. Total four treatments were designed including farmers ’ common practice （F, 250 kg/hm^2）, 80% F （LF, 200 kg/hm^2）, 80% F＋biochar （LFC） and no fertilizer （CK） to measure the dynamic emissions of CO2 and N2O from a summer maize-winter wheat field by static chamber-gas chromatography method. The results showed that the soil CO2 emission was 21.8-1 022.7 mg/（m^2·h）, and was mainly influenced by soil temperature and moisture content. During the growth of summer maize, the soil CO2 emission was more significantly affected by soil moisture con-tent; and in winter wheat growing season, it was more significantly affected by soil temperature in the top 5 cm. The LF and LFC treatments significantly reduced the soil cumulative CO2 emission, especial y during the growth of winter wheat. Fertiliza-tion and irrigation were the main factors influencing the soil N2O emission. The soil N2O emission during the fertilization period accounted for 73.9%-74.5% and 40.5%-43.6% of the soil cumulative N2O emission during the summer maize-and winter wheat-growing season, respectively. The peak of emission fluxes was determined by fertilization amount, while the occurrence time of emission peak and emission re-duction effect were influenced by irrigation. The LF treatment reduced the soil cu-mulative N2O emission by 15.7%-16.8% and 18.1%-18.5% during the growth period of summer maize and winter wheat, respectively. Reduced nitrogen fertilization is an effective way for reducing N2O emission in intensive high-yielding farmland. Under a suitable nitrogen level （200 kg/hm^2）, the application of biochar showed no significant effect on the soil N2O emission in a short term. The N2O emission factors of the L and LF treatments were 0.60% and 0.56%, respectively. ln the intensive high-yield-ing farmland of North China, reducing the nitrogen application amount is an appro-priate measure to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions without crop yield lo