中文摘要：

【目的】探索小叶黑面神Breynia vitis-idaea对小叶头细蛾Epicephala vitisidaea种群数量的调控机制。【方法】跟踪记录小叶黑面神物候及头细蛾的生物学。解剖在小叶黑面神上访花头细蛾的外生殖器,鉴定头细蛾种类。对不同时期小叶黑面神有梗和无梗的果实进行解剖,统计果实内幼虫数量、果实表面孔的数量以及果实表面产卵疤数量,计算头细蛾幼虫存活率。统计不同时期小叶黑面神有梗和无梗的果实的比例。【结果】在福建厦门小叶黑面神每年有5个花果期,相应地,为小叶黑面神传粉的头细蛾每年有5个生活世代。通过解剖,该种头细蛾被鉴定为小叶头细蛾。一头小叶头细蛾幼虫需要消耗2~4粒种子才能发育成熟。小叶黑面神有两种不同形态的果实：有梗和无梗。头细蛾幼虫在无梗果实内的存活率明显高于有梗果实,并且晚秋时期头细蛾幼虫的存活率要高于夏季。小叶黑面神无梗果实的比例在晚秋（82.04%）要高于夏季（31.53%）。【结论】本研究揭示了维持互利共生体系稳定的机制。小叶黑面神能够通过果实基部果梗的有无来调节小叶头细蛾幼虫的存活率。小叶黑面神通过季节性的调节有梗果实的比率,既有效避免了夏季种子被过度消耗的风险,又提高了头细蛾在冬季的存活率。小叶黑面神这种自身调控机制对维持小叶黑面神与小叶头细蛾互惠共生系统的稳定性起到了至关重要的作用。

英文摘要：

【Aim】In order to study how Breynia vitis-idaea controls the population of Epicephala vitisidaea.【Methods】The phenology of B. vitis-idaea and the biology of E. vitisidaea were recorded. The flower-visiting Epicephala moth species were identified by dissecting their genitalia. For calculating larval survivorship,the number of larvae inside the fruit,the number of exit holes and oviposition scars on the fruit were counted by dissecting the stalked and non-stalked fruits in summer and late autumn. Finally,the proportion of stalked and non-stalked fruits in summer and late autumn was calculated. 【Results】In Xiamen,Fujian Province,B. vitisidaea plants have five peak fruiting stages annually and the flower-visiting Epicephala moths have five generations each year. The species of moth was identified as E. vitisidaea by contrasting its genitalia. E.vitisidaea larvae need to consume 2- 4 seeds to develop into mature larvae. B. vitis-idaea could produce two types of fruits,stalked and non-stalked. The larval survivorship of E. vitisidaea was obviously higher in nonstalked fruits than in stalked fruits as well as in late autumn than in summer. Meanwhile,the proportion of nonstalked fruits of B. vitis-idaea was obviously higher in late autumn （82. 04%） than in summer （31. 53%）.【Conclusion】This study revealed the mechanism by which mutualistic interactions are more stable. B. vitisidaea can control the larval survivorship of E. vitisidaea by producing the stalk in base of fruits. By seasonally regulating the ratio of stalked and non-stalked fruits,Breynia plants prevent seed overconsumption in summer and ensure Epicephala survival through the winter. The auto-regulating mechanism of B. vitis-idaea plays an important role in keeping stability of mutualistic system between B. vitis-idaea and E. vitisidaea.