中文摘要：

采用悬液Wien效应法研究了Na^＋、K^＋、NH4^＋、Ca^2＋、Zn^2＋和Ca^2＋阳离子与红壤黏粒间的相互作用及能量关系。结果表明，在试验条件下，红壤黏粒与阳离子Na^＋、K^＋、NH4^＋、Ca^2＋、Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋的平均结合自由能分别为：4．50、7．35、7．15、9．12、9．84和9．63kJ mol^-1。含Ca^2＋悬液的电导率随场强增加而递增最快，含Na^＋和NH4^＋悬液的电导率随场强增加而增加最慢，而含K^＋、Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋的悬液电导率的增速相近、介于其间。红壤悬液中不同阳离子的解离速率顺序为Ca^2＋〉K^＋〉Zn^2＋=Ca^2＋〉Na^＋=NH4^＋。在低场强（15～80kV cm^-1）下，不同阳离子的平均吸附自由能△Gad没有差异。在场强100kV cm^-1以上，二价阳离子的△Gad明显大于单价阳离子，不同阳离子间△Gad的大小顺序为NH4^＋≤Na^＋〈K^＋〈Ca^2＋〈Zn^2＋〈Ca^2＋。在场强150kVcm^-1时，红壤黏粒与阳离子Na^＋、K^＋、NH4^＋、Ca^2＋、Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋的平均吸附自由能分别为0．64、0．80、0．57、1．66、1．43和1．27kJ mol^-1，二价阳离子的平均吸附自由能约为单价离子的2．5～3倍。低场强（10～30kVcm^-1）时，红壤悬液中阳离子的平均解离度顺序为Na^＋〉〉K^＋=NH4^＋〉Ca^2＋〉Zn^2＋=Ca^2＋，Na^＋离子平均解离度的递增速率（场强增加1kVcm^-1所引起的解离度增量）最大，为0．000427cmkV^-1，其次是Ca^2＋离子，为0．000221cmkV^-1，其余阳离子为0．00012—0．00014cmkV^-1。

英文摘要：

Investigation of interactions and energy relationships between cations （Na^＋ , K^＋ , NH4^＋ , Ca^2＋ , Zn^2＋ , and Cd^2＋ ） and clay fraction of red soil with the aid of Wien effect in dilute suspensions. Results show that the mean Gibbs binding energies of the clay fraction of red soil with cations are 4.50, 7.35, 7.15, 9. 12, 9.84, and 9. 63 kJ mol^-1 for Na^＋ , K^＋ , NH4^＋ , Ca^2＋ , Zn^2＋ , and Cd^2＋ , respectively, in the experimental condition. Electric conductivity increased very fast with field strength in the suspension containing Ca^2＋ , at a similar rate in the suspension containing K^＋ , Zn^2＋ or Cd^2＋ , but very slowly in the suspensions containing Na^＋ or NH4^＋. In terms of releasing rate, the cations in the red soil suspension are in the order of Ca^2＋ 〉 K^＋ 〉 Zn^2＋ = Cd^2＋ 〉 Na^＋ = NH4^＋. The mean Gibbs free adsorption energies, △Gad, of the cations remained basically the same when the field strength was in the range of 15 to 80 kV cm^-1, hut when the field strength reached over 100 kV cm^-1 △Gad of the divalent cations were more obviously higher than of the monovalent cations, following an order of NH4^＋≤ Na^＋ 〈 K^＋ 〈 Cd^2＋ 〈 Zn^2＋ 〈 Ca^2＋. However, when the field strength got high up to 150 kV cm^-1, △Gad of the cations were 0.64, 0.80, 0.57, 1.66, 1.43, and 1.27 kJ mol^-1 for Na^＋ , K^＋ , NH4^＋ , Ca^2＋ , Zn^2＋ , and Cd^2＋ , respectively, which shows that the mean Gibbs free adsorption energy of the divalent cations were about 2.5-3 times as much as that of the monovalent cations. The cations in the red soil suspensions at a low field strength ranging from 10 to 30 kV cm^-1 showed a decreasing order of Na^＋ 〉〉 K^＋ = NH4^＋ 〉 Ca^2＋ 〉 Zn^2＋ = Cd^2＋ in mean dissociation degree. The increasing rate of mean dissociation degree, which is the increment of dissociation degree induced by the increment of 1 kV cm^-1 in field strength, is the highest with Na^＋ being 0. 000427 cm kV^-1, the sec