中文摘要：

【目的】筛选对人参主要病原菌具高效、广谱抑菌作用的生防真菌,丰富人参生防菌菌种资源。【方法】采用稀释平板法,从吉林省2处采样地的人参健株根际土壤中分离真菌;采用平板对峙培养法,通过初筛和复筛,筛选对人参链格孢菌（Alternaria panax）、立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、腐皮镰孢菌（Fusarium solani）、毁灭柱孢菌（Cylindrocarpon destructans）、恶疫霉菌（Phytophthora cactorum）、人参核盘菌（Sclerotinia schinseng）和灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）具有高效广谱抑菌活性的生防真菌;利用传统形态学和rDNA-ITS分子分析技术对分离到的生防真菌进行鉴定。【结果】从人参健株根际土壤中共分离得到400株真菌,其中有15株生防真菌对人参7种主要病原菌具有广谱抑菌作用,特别是对立枯丝核菌有强烈的抑制作用（抑菌率均大于50%）,且FSR-106的抑菌作用最强（抑菌率87.41%,下同）;FSR-121对人参链格孢菌的抑菌作用最强（60.00%）;FSR-74对腐皮镰孢菌的抑菌率高达67.48%;FSR-46对毁灭柱孢菌和灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌率最大（66.67%和68.97%）;FSR-97对恶疫霉菌及人参核盘菌的抑制作用最强（73.33%和66.67%）。通过形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定发现,15株生防真菌中有8株木霉属（Trichoderma）、3株青霉属（Penicillium）、1株曲霉属（Aspergillus）、1株附球菌属（Epicoccum）、1株毛壳菌属（Chaetomium）和1株轮层炭壳属（Daldinia）,其中FSR-38为黑附球菌（Epicoccum nigrum）,FSR-10、FSR-43和FSR-106为深绿木霉（T.atroviride）,FSR-46为长枝木霉（T.longibrachiatum）,FSR-55为钩状木霉（T.hamatum）,FSR-72为桔绿木霉（T.citrinoviride）,FSR-74为球毛壳菌（Chaetomium globosum）,FSR-97为多孢木霉（Trichoderma polysporum）,FSR-91为蔡氏轮层炭壳菌（Daldinia childiae）,FSR-25、FSR-67和FSR-121为青霉属（Penicilliumsp.）。【结论】从人参健株根际土壤?

英文摘要：

[Objective] This study screened effective and broad-spectrum biocontrol fungi against main pathogens of Panax ginseng to enrich biocontrol microorganism resources. [Method] Soil fungi were isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy Panax ginseng by dilution plate method. Bioeontrol strains,with high-ly antibacterial activity against 7 ginseng pathogens including Alternaria panax,Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani , Cylindrocarpon destructans , Ph ytophthora cactorum , Sclerotinia schinseng and Botrytis cinerea were screened using pairing culture method. Biocontrol fungi were also identified based on morphology and rDNA-ITS sequence. [Result] A total of 400 fungi were isolated from P. giseng soil,among which, 15 had broad spectrum antimicrobial effect on 7 P. ginseng pathogens. Especially,Rhizoctonia solani were strongly inhibited by all of them with the inhibition rate of 〉50% ,and FSR-106 was the strongest with the inhibition rate of 87.41%. FSR-121 was the strongest against Alternaria panax with the inhibition rate of 60.00%/40 ,and FSR-74 was the strongest against Fusarium solani with the inhibition rate of 67.48%. Inhibtion rates of FSR-46 against Cylindrocarpon destructans （66.67%） and Botrytis cinerea （68.97%） were the highest. FSR-97 was the strongest against Phytophthora cactorum and Sclerotinia schinseng with inhi-bition rates of 73.33% and 66.67% ,respectively. Morphological and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis showed that the 15 biocontrol fungi could be divided into 6 genus,i, e. 8 belonged to Trichoderrna,3 belonged to Penicillium,one belonged to Aspergillus, one belonged to Epicoccum, one belonged to Chaetomium and one belonged to Daldinia. FSR-38 was identified as Epicoccum nigrum ,FSR-10,FSR-43 and FSR-106 were T. atroviride, FSR-46 was T. longibrachiatum, FSR-55 was T. hamaturn, FSR-72 was T. citrinoviride, FSR-74 was Chaetornium globosum , FSR-97 was Trichoderma polysporum , FSR-91 was Daldinia childiae,while FSR-25,FSR-67and FSR-121 were Penicillium sp.. [Conclusion] The screening method ba