中文摘要：

目的研究驯化的甲苯降解菌在微宇宙中的生长、降解甲苯的状况。方法采用lux发光标记实验室筛选、驯化的甲苯降解菌——恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida TJ1）菌株，投加到模拟甲苯污染的微宇宙中，用顶空气相色谱法监测甲苯降解情况，以平板计数法测定发光菌活菌数，以弱光仪监测发光强度的变化，以了解外源降解菌在微宇宙的生长及甲苯降解作用。结果被标记的恶臭假单胞菌菌落于暗室中肉眼可见并可用X片感光拍照，菌液发光强度可用弱光仪检测。发光菌落计数显示，投加的外源降解菌在微宇宙中生长良好；发光强度与发光菌活菌数变化趋势一致。微宇宙土著微生物7d甲苯降解率仅为40．2％，而投加降解菌后达到91．0％。结论通过lux发光标记可实时跟踪驯化的甲苯降解菌在微宇宙中的生长状况。微宇宙中的土著微生物本身含有甲苯降解能力的菌群，但其降解作用有限，不足以满足自净要求，投加外源高效降解菌可以显著增强生物修复效果。

英文摘要：

Objective To monitor the growth of a strain of toluene-degrading bacteria in microcosm by using lux bioluminescence marker. Methods A screened and acclimated strain of toluene-degrading bacterium which was Pseudomonas putida TJ1 was marked by lux bioluminescence in our laboratory. The marked luminescent bacteria were released into toluene- contaminated simulation microcosm followed by 7 days of observation. Toluene degradation, viable luminescent bacteria and luminescence were analyzed by gas chromatography, plate counting and luminometer respectively for understanding the growth and toluene degradation of exogenous bacteria in microcosm. Results Clones of lux marked Pseudomonas putida TJ1 were visible and could be photosensitized by X film. Luminescence of marked bacteria in liquid could be detected by luminometer. Plate count showed that exogenous toluene-degrading bacteria could grow well in microcosm. Variation of luminescent intensity demonstrated the same trend as viable counting. Degradation of toluene by indigenous microbial population in microcosm was only 40.2% after 7 d and up to 91.0% while supplemented with exogenous degrading bacteria at the same time. Conclusion The marked toluene- degrading bacteria with lux bioluminescence can facilitate the real time tracking of their growth in microcosm. There are some groups of bacteria with the ability of toluene degradation in indigenous microbial population, however, the natural degrading population have limited self-cleaning capability for toluene. Inoculation of exogenous highly effective degrading bacteria can enhance bioremediation effectively.