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中文摘要：
蒸散量量是地表水分循循环的重要分量量,与农业和生态系统的水水分需求密切相相关,是水资源规规划和管理必须考虑的重要要因素之一.虽虽然对湿润区作作物蒸散计算模型研究已经经相对比较成熟熟,但但由于干旱和半干旱区作物物蒸散量受干旱旱胁迫的显著著影响,以往建建立的湿润区作作物蒸散模型和作作物系数并不适用对其作物物蒸散量的估算算,而目前对这一问题的研研究却十分有限限.利用位于黄土土高原典型半干旱区的＂定西西干旱生态环环境综合科学试试验站＂春小麦麦农田的蒸渗仪仪、蒸发皿、超声声涡动仪的观测资料及常规规气象观测资料料相结合,分析了该地区实际蒸散量与F AO推荐作物系数数估算的蒸散量之间的差异异性及其随干旱旱胁迫度的变化关系.研究究了该地区春小小麦参考蒸散量与与蒸发皿蒸发量比值和实际际蒸散量与蒸发发皿蒸发量比值随干旱胁迫迫度的变化特征征及春小麦作物系系数对干旱胁迫度的响应规规律,并对FA O推荐值的作作物系数进行了改进.分析发现,由于半干旱旱区作物蒸散受干旱胁迫影影响较大,FAO推荐作物系数数估算的蒸散散量与实际蒸散散量相差很显著著,实实际作物系数对干旱胁迫度度的依赖很强,,随干旱胁迫度增加显著减减少,但其敏感感性在干旱胁迫度度约达到0.7后明显降低.而且,改进的作物系数在作作物生长初期和和发育期远远低低于FAO的推荐荐值和Kumar修正值,改进进的作物系数估估算的春小麦蒸散量也明显显比后两者估算算的更接近实际观观测值,与观测测值线性拟合的系数为0.98,决定系数能能够达到0.455,标准误差也也仅为0.85 mm m,对对半干旱地区春小麦蒸散量量的估算效果比比较理想.
英文摘要：
An understanding of evapotranspiration, which is an important component of the surface water cycle, is critical in water resource management and planning, and in meeting the water requirements of agriculture and ecological systems. Although the methods for calculating crop evapotranspiration are advanced in humid areas, the understanding of evapotranspiration in semi-arid areas is developing because evapotranspiration is significantly affected by drought. The classic crop evapotranspiration model and crop coefficients cannot be applied to estimations of actual evapotranspiration, which is rarely studied now. In this study, we analyzed differences between lysimeter evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration that was estimated with Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO）-recommended crop coefficients. In addition, changes in evapotranspiration according to the degree of drought stress were analyzed with lysimeters, evaporating dishes, ultrasonic and eddy instruments, and conventional meteorological data in spring wheat fields in typical semi-arid zones of the Dingxi arid ecological environment comprehensive scientific experiment station, which is located in the Loess Plateau. The variations in spring wheat reference evapotranspiration/pan evaporation and actual evapotranspiration/pan evaporation according to the degree of drought stress and the effects of drought stress on the spring wheat crop coefficients in this area were studied. Because crop evapotranspiration is significantly affected by drought stress in semi-arid areas, the differences between lysimeter evapotranspiration and evaporation that was estimated with FAO-recommended crop coefficients were very significant. Crop coefficients were highly dependent on drought stress, and this dependence increased according to the reduction in the degree of drought stress. In addition, its sensitivity was significantly lower after the drought stress reached about 0.7. In this study, crop coefficients that were modified during the crop development and exuberant per
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