中文摘要：

简述了粉煤灰和煤矸石的组成、分类、性质和制取分子筛的方法。指出了应加强煤矸石分类的研究，从而指导煤矸石的利用。生产分子筛是粉煤灰和煤矸石的高附加值化工利用的有效途径之一，粉煤灰水热合成分子筛研究较多，但是反应时间太长，微波辅助合成分子筛可以加快粉煤灰中的硅和铝溶解，从而降低活化时间，但需要解决微波合成分子筛的工程放大问题。

英文摘要：

The composition, classification and property of coal fly ashes （CFA） and coal refuse （CR） were introduced. The conversion processes of CFA or CR into zeolite were also reviewed. More researches about classification of CR were proposed in order to guide CR utilization. The conversion of CFA and CR into zeolite is a value-added utilization. Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash has been well reported, but it is time-consuming. Therefore, microwave-assisted synthesis of zeolite has been proposed to speed up the dissolution of Si and A1 from CFA and CR to decrease the activation time, while the engineering scaling-up should be solved.