中文摘要：

为探究不同麦区小麦品种的穗发芽抗性及其与穗部性状的相关性，以黄淮冬麦区（南片和北片）、北部冬麦区及长江中下游麦区的235份小麦品种为试验材料，选用2个能够有效用于穗发芽抗性筛选的分子标记Vp1B3和WMC104，结合整穗发芽试验，对各麦区小麦品种穗发芽抗性进行鉴定，并分析穗发芽抗性与穗部及籽粒性状间的相关性。结果表明，长江中下游麦区小麦穗发芽抗性显著高于其他三个麦区，其供试小麦品种60％以上达到抗性等级，其余三个麦区中达到抗性等级的品种均不超过30％；供试品种中，扬麦10号、荆麦103、川农16等15个品种为高抗穗发芽品种，发芽率均值为4．85％，是穗发芽抗性育种中的重要抗性资源。整穗发芽率与穗部及籽粒性状相关性分析表明，穗发芽率与籽粒颜色极显著正相关，与小穗密度、千粒重、籽粒宽度等显著正相关。在育种过程中，可将籽粒颜色、小穗密度、千粒重及籽粒宽度等作为抗穗发芽小麦品种的重要参考指标。

英文摘要：

To identify the pre-harvest sprouting（PHS） resistance and its correlation with ear characteristics,the germination percentage（GP） was measured in the 235 wheat varieties from Yellow and Huai River Valley winter wheat region（includes the South and the North）,Northern winter wheat region and Middle and Lower Yangtze Valley winter wheat region, and two molecular markers（Vp1B3 and WMC104） were selected for molecular screening. The results indicated that the wheat varieties from Yangtze River winter wheat region have significantly higher resistance to PHS than the other varieties,and more than 60% of them belonged to the resistance level,whereas,contrasting to the other varieties with 30%. Among 235 wheat varieties, Yangmai 10,Jingmai 103, Chuannong 16 and other twelve cultivars with the GP value 4.85% had higher resistance to PHS, which were important resources of PHS resistance in wheat breeding. Correlation analysis showed that GP was significantly positive associated with seed color,spikelet density, 1 000-grain weight and seed width. So the seed color, spikelet density, 1 000-grain weight and seed width can be used in wheat PHS resistance breeding as reference.