中文摘要：

氧还原反应电催化剂对提高质子交换膜燃料电池的电压效率和电池输出功率具有重要意义.采用非贵过渡金属合金催化剂可大大降低Pt用量,降低成本,实现燃料电池商业化.本文简要介绍了燃料电池阴极氧还原反应机理的研究进展,阐述了合金催化剂的几何效应、电子效应、雷尼效应和锚定效应的作用机理.总结了影响合金催化剂活性的因素,主要分析了合金成分和结构对合金活性和耐久性的影响,为设计制备高活性和稳定性的催化剂提供理论依据.虽然对合金的结构特性和制备因素的研究取得了一定的进展,但如何进一步提高合金度、降低Pt的用量、设计和制备出高活性、高稳定性和长寿命的催化剂仍是将来合金催化剂研究的关键.

英文摘要：

The electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction is important to improve the voltage efficiency and cell power of proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC）.Non noble transition metal alloyed catalysts can significantly reduce the amount of platinum,reduce costs and achieve fuel cell commercialization.This paper briefly describes the research progress of cathode oxygen reduction reaction mechanism of fuel cells,and reviews the mechanisms of geometrical effects,electronic effects,Rainey effects and anchoring effect.Besides,this paper summarizes the effects of alloy composition and structure on activity and durability of the electrocatalysts,providing a theoretical basis for the design and preparation of electrocatalysts with high activity and stability.Although a great progress has been made in the area of alloy structure characteristics and preparation,it is still a key to improving the alloying degree of electrocatalysts,reduce the amount of Pt and prepare high activity,high stability and high durability catalysts in the future research.