中文摘要：

本文基于绕月卫星跟踪技术的三种模式,即地面跟踪模式、高低跟踪模式和低低跟踪模式,将月球重力场的发展历程分为四个阶段.分别介绍了各阶段跟踪模式的主要原理、技术特点以及所获取的具有代表性的重力场模型,并对这些模型的精度特征进行了评述.进而,通过分析不同阶段重力场模型所获取的月球重力异常特征和精度、不同阶段重力场模型的定轨精度,阐明了：空间跟踪技术的进步,极大地提高了月球重力场模型的精度,并且,有效地促进了对月球物质结构特征的认识和绕月卫星定轨的可靠性.最后对月球重力场模型中尚存在的问题以及探测技术的发展前景进行了分析和展望.

英文摘要：

Based on the three modes of lunar spacecraft tracking techniques：Earth-based tracking mode,high-low satellite-to-satellite tracking mode and low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking mode,the development of lunar gravity models could be divided into 4 stages.First,we introduce the principle,technical characteristics of the different tracking modes,and the representative gravity models,and then make comments to these models′precision.Further,through comparison of gravity anomaly precision,characteristics and orbit determination precision from different stages′lunar gravity field models,we conclude that：the advancement of space tracking techniques has significantly improved the precision of lunar gravity model and effectively promote the understanding of lunar interior structure and there liability of lunar satellite orbit determination.Finally,we analyze the deficiency of current lunar gravity models and give a perspective of future space tracking techniques.