中文摘要：

高分子结晶与玻璃化转变、流变学等问题一样是高分子科学中始终没有最后解决的难题之一.高分子材料的性质通常强烈依赖其结晶的行为和结晶的结构与形态,因而也是高分子物理关心的最基本问题.由于高分子具有很长的线型结构,使得构象熵在结晶过程中占据不可忽视的作用,因而相对于小分子而言,高分子的结晶行为变得极其复杂.一直以来对实验现象的解释和结晶理论的建立争议都非常大.近年来,随着大量实验数据、计算机分子模拟结果的积累和理论手段的不断进步,在理论上揭示结晶本质的时机已日渐成熟.本文从高分子结晶有别于小分子结晶的基本特点出发,综述了高分子结晶的经典理论,近二十年来实验和计算机模拟带来的新现象,以及针对这些新现象理论的最新进展和所面临的困难.

英文摘要：

Polymer crystallization, together with glass transition and rheology, is one of the problems which have not been eventually solved in polymer science. Because the properties of polymeric materials are strongly dependent on the crystallization behavior and morphology, polymer crystallization is the most fundamental problem of polymer physics. Comparing with the crystallization of small molecules, the eonformational entropy plays a critical role in polymer crystallization due to its linear structure. This leads to complex behaviors of polymer crystallization and the controversies on both the understanding of phenomena and the establishment of the polymer theory. Recently, as the accumulation of the new phenomena from the experiments and computational simulation and the advances in theoretical methods,it is the right time to reveal the nature of polymer crystallization in theory. In present review, from point view of the difference of crystallization in polymer and small molecule systems, the classic theory, new phenomena from both experiments and computational simulation of polymer crystallization and the development and difficulties of theories focusing on these new phenomena were reviewed.