中文摘要：

随着麻醉理念的更新及麻醉技术的提高,越来越多的儿童在全身麻醉下接受手术治疗,全麻药物对神经系统发育的影响也随之成为了关注热点。基础研究发现,在大脑发育的易损窗口期,全麻药物可降低神经系统突触的可塑性、导致神经元凋亡、引发退行性神经病变,影响成年期学习记忆等功能。2007年以来全球多个研究中心对这一问题进行了大规模临床研究,发现在小儿早期接受麻醉可引起认知功能障碍,但也有研究显示两者之间并无直接相关性。

英文摘要：

With the update of concept of anesthesia and the improvement in anesthesia technology, an increasing number of children received surgical treatment under general anesthesia. Subsequently, the influence of anesthetic agents on the development of nervous system becomes a focused issue. Basic research found that anesthefic agents can lower the synaptic plasticity of nervous system, produce neuronal apoptosis and other neurodegenerative diseases during the vulnerable window period for brain development, thus affect learning and memory function when the children reach adulthood. Since 2007, a number of research centers around the world conducted a large-scale clinical study on this issue, but there are relevant studies showing that there is no direct correlation between the two.