中文摘要：

Q因子估算是近地表吸收补偿提高地震记录分辨率最为重要的基础工作之一。我们采用了一种新的井地联合地震数据采集方式减小检波器耦合对Q因子估算的影响。在以激发井为中心的圆周上,按照井下检波器的设计深度,布置多口深度不同的接收井,将检波器直接安置在每口井的井底,以消除常规井间观测方式造成的检波器与井壁耦合对Q因子估算的影响。在此基础上,我们提出了一种不受激发影响的Q因子层析反演方法,利用模型数据就该方法的稳定性和可靠性进行了测试分析。使用两个不同的地震频带对大港油田实际近地表观测数据进行了吸收反演,反演结果表明,近地表的吸收系数远大于地下地层的吸收系数,近地表吸收补偿对于提高地震资料分辨率具有重要的现实意义。另外,两个频带反演得到了不同的Q因子,这在一定程度上支持了Q因子对频率依赖性的认识。

英文摘要：

The estimation of the quality factor Q plays a fundamental role in enhancing seismic resolution via absorption compensation in the near-surface layer.We present a new geometry that can be used to acquire field data by combining surface and cross-hole surveys to decrease the effect of geophone coupling on Q estimation.In this study,we drilled number of receiver holes around the source hole,each hole has different depth and each geophone is placed geophones into the bottom of each receiver hole to avoid the effect of geophone coupling with the borehole wall on Q estimation in conventional cross-hole seismic surveys.We also propose a novel tomographic inversion of the Q factor without the effect of the source signature,and examine its stability and reliability using synthetic data.We estimate the Q factors of the near-surface layer in two different frequency bands using field data acquired in the Dagang Oilfield.The results show that seismic absorption in the nearsurface layer is much greater than that in the subsurface strata.Thus,it is of critical practical importance to enhance the seismic solution by compensating for near-surface absorption.In addition,we derive different Q factors from two frequency bands,which can be treated,to some extent,as evidence of a frequency-dependent Q.