中文摘要：

环境扫描电镜在石油地质中有着广泛的应用,能够解决常规扫描电镜原来难以解决或不能解决的众多问题。环境扫描电镜的出现及性能的提高为石油地质开辟了更为广阔的应用前景,可以在含油或水的情况下对样品直接进行分析,更准确地反映矿物岩石的变化。本文综述了环境扫描电镜在粘土矿物、储层孔隙结构、油气层保护、岩相古地理及古微生物分析当中的研究状况。通过电镜扫描可以清楚地观察到储层中粘土矿物的形态、分布特征以及其对储层孔隙结构（孔隙度和渗透率）的影响程度,从而对油气层的破坏类型有更好的了解,在油气开发过程中能够找到相应的和高效的开发措施,使油气采收率达到最高;应用其放大倍数大、立体感强的优点,能够清楚地观察到矿物颗粒表面和微生物内部细微的特征,这对于有效研究沉积相和确定地质年代等工作具有重大意义。

英文摘要：

Environmental scanning electron microscope（ESEM） can solve many problems which cannot be solved by the scanning electron microscope（SEM） in the study of oil geology. ESEM technology provides a wider prospect for oil geology. It can deal with the samples containing oil or water,which can reveal the changes of mineral rock more precisely. This paper summarizes the research status of the clay mineral,reservoir pore structure,reservoir protection,lithofacies paleogeography and micropaleontological by ESEM.The morphology and distribution of clay minerals in reservoir and the influence degree of the reservoir structure（porosity and permeability） can be clearly observed by ESEM,which provides a better understanding of the types of the destruction of the oil and gas layer. High effective exploitation measures to obtain the highest oil and gas recovery can be obtained during the oil and gas exploit; The microscopic characteristics of the mineral grains ‘surface and microbes＇ inside can be observed clearly by ESEM due to its advantages of big magnification and strong stereoscopic sense, which helps the research on sedimentary facies and determination of the geochronology.