中文摘要：

为了认知沉积物磷释放对海湾磷负荷的影响,本文以SMT分级方法分析了大亚湾表层沉积物中磷的形态结构,探讨了沉积物磷的释放潜力的时空性差异及其影响因素。结果表明,大亚湾沉积物中总磷（TP）的平均含量为429.65× 10 ^-6,无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）的平均含量分别为286.57× 10 ^-6和143.08× 10 ^-6,IP占TP的67.83%;IP以酸提取态磷（HCl-P）为主,HCl-P的平均含量为237.10× 10 ^-6,碱提取态磷（Na OH-P）的平均含量为56.13× 10 ^-6;生物有效磷（OP＋NaOH-P）占到总磷的45.63%。大亚湾沉积物磷具有较高的释放潜力,并呈现出夏季高于冬季,近岸区域高于湾中心及湾口的变化规律。相关性分析表明,沉积物粒径、氧化还原电位及有机质含量（尤其是浮游藻类的自生有机质）对沉积物磷的释放潜力有较大影响。

英文摘要：

To understand the effect of phosphorus released from sediments to water of the semi-enclosed bay, the characteristics of phosphorus forms, critical influences and the temperal-spatial differences of phosphorus releasing potential were studied in the surface sediments of Daya bay. The results showed that the average concentration of total phos-phorus （TP） in sediments was 429.65 × 10^-6. Inorganic phosphorus （IP） and organic phosphorus （OP） were 286.57 × 10^ -6 and 143.08 ×10^ -6, respectively. IP accounted for 67.83% of TP. Acid-extracted phosphorus （ HCl- P） was the main component in IP, and the average concentration of HC1-P and alkali-extractive phosphorus （ NaOH- P） were 237.10 × 10 ^-6 and 56.13 × 10 ^-6, respectively. Biological effective phosphorus （ OP ＋ NaOH-P） accounted for 45.63% of TP. There was a high releasing potential of sediments phosphorus in Daya bay. In addition, there was a clear temperal-spatial distribution pattern that the releasing potential of phosphorus was higher in summer than that in winter and, higher in near-shore than that in offshore or bay mouth. The grain size, Eh, content of organic matter （ especially those from phytoplankton blooms） had an important influence on releasing potential of sediment phosphorus.