中文摘要：

纵向磁场是当前真空电弧的一种重要控制方式,数值仿真由于其高效性和经济性而成为一种研究真空电弧内部物理机制的重要方法。文中对纵磁作用下真空电弧的建模仿真研究现状进行了回顾,从早期的真空电弧模型入手,到后来的二维磁流体动力学模型,再到实际纵磁触头条件下真空电弧的三维磁流体动力学模型,以及在三维模型的基础上考虑了阳极蒸汽的作用,进一步对目前真空电弧建模仿真的存在问题进行了剖析,认为当前真空电弧模型对真空开关实际拉弧的动态过程考虑不全面,认为全局磁场也就是磁场空间分布对真空电弧特性产生显著影响。展望了真空电弧建模仿真研究的未来发展方向,未来真空电弧的建模与仿真将向更完善的方向发展,包括真空电弧和阴极斑点、阳极活动之间的相互作用,未来也将会向三维瞬态以及多组分的方向发展。

英文摘要：

Axial magnetic field （AMF） technology is a most important control method of vacuum arc（VA）. Numerical simulation is an important tool for the research of the physics mechanisms of vacuum arcs as it is more efficient and economical. In this paper, a review of the research progress of simulations of the vacuum arc under AMF is presented, from early models to two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic models, then to three-dimensional ones under the actual AMF distribution. The influence of the anode vaper is taken into account based on the three-dimensional model. The main weakness of present high current vacuum arc （HCVA）models is analyzed. We consider it is mainly due to the insufficient consideration of the facts that the arc is fundamentally a dynamic object. The magnetic field distribution has significant influence on the characteristics of vacuum arc. The expectation of developments of the modeling and simulation vacuum arcs in the future is given. Models and simulations of vacuum arc will be developed toward more complete direction, including interaction between arc column, cathode spots and anode activity. In the future, the 3D vacuum arc model should be developed and multi-component vacuum arc should be taken into account.