中文摘要：

本研究旨在了解猪种的遗传变异、种群间的亲缘关系和遗传分化。以白色杜洛克×二花脸资源家系F0代的17头二花脸母猪和2头白色杜洛克公猪的DNA池为模板,通过直接测序在猪SLC6A14基因内识别4个SNPs,以3个突变位点（g.7944A〉T、c.1438G〉A、g.21063G〉T）为基础,通过PCR-RFLP技术,对11个中外猪种进行多态性检测。结果表明：在SLC6A14g.7944A〉T和g.21063G〉T2个突变位点上,所有检测猪种都出现变异,其中槐猪、二花脸猪在g.7944A〉T位点上变异显著（0.01〈P〈0.05）;而里岔黑猪、槐猪、玉山黑猪、合作藏猪、八眉猪在g.21063G〉T内变异极显著（P〈0.01）,以GT基因型为主,且二花脸猪中出现TT基因型;在SLC6A14c.1438G〉A突变位点上,3个欧洲猪种（长白、大白、杜洛克）没有出现变异,均为GG纯合型,而其他猪种在此位点上均存在变异;再根据11个猪种3个位点的多态性信息计算Nei氏遗传距离,由UPGMA法构建聚类图,说明中国地方猪种与外引猪种存在明显的遗传分化;由此得出中国地方猪种比外引猪种有高的遗传多样性和变异,且存在明显的遗传分化,品种间多数猪种符合品种地域分布和品种特性。

英文摘要：

The aim of this research was to understand the population genetic variation and relationship,genetic differentiation between populations.In this study,4 SNPs were identified in the porcine Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 14（SLC6A14）by directly sequencing DNA pools from 19 founder animals（2 White Duroc boars and 17 Erhualian sows）of a White Duroc × Erhualian resource population.The three mutation sites（c.1438G〉A,g.7944A〉T,g.21063G〉T）were chosen and used for detecting the polymorphism in 11 pig breeds by PCR-RFLP method.The results showed that 11 pig breeds presented varation at the g.7944A〉T and g.21063G〉T sites in the SLC6A14.Moreover Huai and Erhualian pigs have dominant varation at g.7944A〉T site in the SLC6A14（0.01〈P〈0.05）,while Licha Black,Huai,Yushan Black,Hezuo Tibet,Bamei pigs also have significant varation at g.21063G〉T site in the SLC6A14（P〈0.01）,AT was dominant genotype.No variation was detected in the European pig populations（Landrace,Large White and Duroc）.only GG genotype was presented.Whereas variation was presented at the c.1438G〉A site of 8 Chinese native pig breeds.The genetic distance of 11 pig populations were calculated from 3 sites polymorphism data.The cluster tree was constructed by UPMGA method.The results showed that Chinese local pig populations had distinct genetic differentiation with exotic pig populations.It was concluded that Chinese indigenous pig breeds have higher genetic variation and diversity than the exotic pig breeds at the three SNPs,genetic differentiation existed between Chinese pig populations and exotic breeds.The majority of pig breeds were consistent with the geographical distribution and breed characteristic.