中文摘要：

Toll样受体4（Toll-like receptor4，TLR4）是一类介导固有免疫的跨膜信号转导受体，近来有研究发现TLR4不仅是参与机体免疫应答的重要蛋白，而且能识别伤害性刺激，诱导一系列神经活性物质和促炎因子的释放，激活胶质细胞，最终导致炎症和神经病理性痛的产生和维持。主要通过对TLR4的生物学结构、TLR4功能发挥依赖的相关分子以及TLR4介导神经病理性痛的可能通路进行综述，阐述TLR4在神经病理性痛的发生和发展中的作用。

英文摘要：

Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） is a type of transmembrane signal transduction receptors, which mediate innate immune respones. Recently, studies have found that TLR4 is not only an important protein involved in the body immune response, but also able to induce the release of neuroactive substances and pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating glial cells following noxious stimuli, which eventually contributes to inflammation and neuropathic pain. This article briefly describes the TLR4 structure and its biological function, as well as TLR4 function-related molecules. Furthermore, the role of TLR4 in neuropathic pain and the mechanism underlying TLR4 mediation of neuropathic pain are discussed.