中文摘要：

线粒体DNA具有母性遗传与进化速率快等特点，已作为理想的分手标记广泛应用于昆虫的分类学、群体遗传学、系统发育和分子进化等研究。本文介绍了鳞翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的特征，对线粒体DNA应用于鳞翅目昆虫系统发生和分子进化等方面的研究进行了综述，并总结了线粒体基因或区段在鳞翅目昆虫不同分类阶元的适用性。

英文摘要：

As a good genetic marker, mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA）, which is characterized by fast evolution rate and maternal inheritance, has been widely used in the study of classification, population genetics, phylogeny and molecular evolution of insects. In the present paper, we mainly introduce the contents and structure of mtDNA, and review the progress of mtDNA applied in Lepidopteran insects phylogeny and molecular evolution. In addition, the applicability of phylogenetic analysis in different taxonomic rankings of Lepidopteran insects is summarized.