中文摘要：

以可再生能源总能系统为研究背景,通过搭建太阳能辅助燃料电池试验平台,逐步完成不同涂层材料、内置导流板太阳能集热器自然对流试验研究;在试验验证基础上,分别建立太阳能集热器自然对流和强迫对流三维数学模型,应用场协同和火积理论分析流动和传热数据。自然对流研究表明,吸收率在0.95～1.0、发射率在0.06～0.16时,随吸收率升高,发射率降低,热效率升高1.71%,火积增量逐渐增大;加装导流板后,真空管内部混流消失,底部流动得到强化,实验热效率提高2.17%;确定全玻璃真空管热水器导流板合理板厚为2 mm,合理板长为距离真空管底部60～100 mm,合理位置为中心线以上16～20 mm;强迫对流研究表明,横双排集热器雷诺和努赛尔数、火积增量均高于竖单排集热器,火积耗散低于竖单排集热器。确定太阳能辅助燃料电池集热场在中低温条件下,自然对流采用内置导流板集热器,强迫对流采用横双排集热器。

英文摘要：

The experimental study of natural convection for solar collectors with different coating materials and being equipped with guide plate is carried out step by step through the experimental platform of solar-assisted fuel cells under the research background of renewable total energy systems, which mainly include solar energy comprehensive utilization, solid oxide fuel cells, gas turbine and Kalina refrigeration cycle. The three-dimensional mathematical model on natural convection and forced convection of solar collectors is established to study the flow and heat transfer data with the field synergy and entransy principle on the basis of experimental verification. The natural convection results show that the thermal efficiency and the entransy increment rise gradually with the absorption rate increasing from 0.95 to 1.0 and the emission rate decreasing from 0.06 to 0.16, and the thermal efficiency of experiment for high absorption is 1.17% higher than that of low absorption.The thermal efficiency of experiment for solar collectors increases by 2.17% after equipped with guide plate, because the mixed flow in the vacuumvacuum tube disappears and the guide plate strengthens the flow at the bottom of the vacuum tube. The reasonable plate thickness of guide plate for all-glass vacuum tube water heaters is 2 mm, the reasonable plate length of guide plate is 60-100 mm distance from the bottom of the vacuum tube, and the reasonable position of guide plate is 16-20 mm above the axial line of the vacuum tube. The forced convection results show that the Reynolds number and the Nusselt number decrease gradually after the fluent flow into manifold but the Reynolds number and the Nusselt number increase gradually at the exit of manifold. Although the fluent is extremely volatile along the vacuum tube, the Reynolds number and the Nusselt number of horizontal double collectors are higher than that of vertical single collector. The angle between speed vector and temperature gradient vector is 0° with downward fluid and 180° with u