中文摘要：

研制了一套实验系统用于测量混浊介质的后向漫散射穆勒矩阵．在系统中，激光被调制成所需偏振态，聚焦于混浊介质表面．利用CCD相机配合相应的偏振元件，测量入射点周围区域的后向散射光中特定偏振态的能量空间分布，并由测量值计算出介质的后向漫散射穆勒矩阵．描述了系统的组成、测量原理以及方法，分别测量了消偏振分光棱镜的反射穆勒矩阵和浓度1．5%的脂肪乳溶液的后向漫散射穆勒矩阵．实验证明：该系统能够完全消除样品表面镜面反射光的干扰，精确的测量混浊介质的后向漫散射穆勒矩阵；并可望用于生物组织的研究中．

英文摘要：

A polarization-imaging system was developed to measure the two-dimensional diffuse backscattering Mueller matrix of turbid medium. In the system of a polarized, collimated laser beam was focused to a small point on the medium, and the multiply scattered, diffusely backreflected light around this point was recorded with a CCD camera. The system and the theory of measurement were described in detail in the paper. And then, the specular reflecting Mueller matrix of the non-polarizing beamsplitter and the two-dimensional diffuse backscattering Mueller matrix of a 1.5% Intralipid solution were measured. The result confirms that the system can avoid the specular reflectance of the sample and exactly measure the Mueller matrix of the sample.