中文摘要：

南方红豆杉是我国第三纪孑遗特有树种，为国家1级濒危保护植物，主要分布于在长江流域、南岭山脉以及广东、广西、江西、河南、陕西、甘肃、台湾和山西等省（区）的山地。南方红豆杉分布区的生态环境特征是：热量充足，温暖潮湿。南方红豆杉濒危的主要原因有：（1）种子产生量少，萌发率和幼苗成活率较低（2）种群缺乏较强的竞争力，（3）地理分布的局限性，（4）对生境要求的特殊性和（5）人为破坏严重。此外，针对南方红豆杉濒危现状和原因，还提出了科学保护和可持续利用的对策。

英文摘要：

Taxus mairei is one of the Tertiary relic species and an endemic to China, being one of the state-protected one-grade rare and endangered plants, and distributed mainly alongside Yangzi River valley, in Nanling Mountains and some mountains in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Taiwan and Shanxi etc. The eco-environmental characteristics of Taxuus marirei areas are that heat energy is efficiency, climate is warmer and moisture. The endangered reasons for T. marei are involved with： （ 1 ） Its quantities of seeds produced from a plant annual is fewer,the germination ratio of the seeds and the survivor ratio of the juvenile are very lower, （2） the population of T. mareis is in competition with the other plants for various resources is disadvantageous, （3） its geographical distribution has some limitations, （4） it needs a relative special habitat,i, e. moisture habitat and warmer climate and （5） the intervention of human activities is severity, including several cutting, gopher utilization and the destroy of habitat for T. mareis. Furthermore, the strategies for the conservation and sustainable utilization of T. mairei are discussed, respectively.