中文摘要：

作为应急响应的重要工具,突发事件应急指挥体系在美国应急管理实践中产生、发展并得到应用,经历了一个强调标准化到注重灵活性的过程。针对国内学者“兼顾标准化和灵活性”的建议,文章回顾了美国ICS发展过程中存在的争议,指出其强调严格控制到强调灵活性和创造性的导向变迁;基于目前中国突发事件应急指挥体系实践和研究中出现多样化和复杂性的客观实际,提出下一步中国突发事件应急指挥体系的顶层设计首先需要理解和平衡标准化与灵活性关系;其次要按照循序渐进的原则,即在认识到标准化的客观需求和现实差距基础上,不仅要构建标准化的框架思路及推广模式,更需要在实践中不断增加灵活性的机制设计。

英文摘要：

As a a vital tool inthe practice of emergency management in the United States, Incident Command System （ICS） has experienced a process of generating, developing and application, during which the priority goes from standardization to flexibility. Scholars in China claim to balance standardization and flexibility while developing ICS in China. By retrospecting the development of ICS in United States, this paper points out thefocusshifting from strict control and command to flexibility and creativity. Based on current situation that ICS of China has characteris- tics of diversity and complexity in practice and research field, the authors claimthat understanding and balancing the relation between standardization and flexibility is key to top-level designing of ICS in China. The further building ICS should be unfolded in three steps. The first is to recognize the gap between the reality and goal of standardization ; the second is to set up standardized framework and popularization mode, and the third is to consider flexibility and adaptation in practice constantly.