中文摘要：

针对梅河煤矿软岩巷道开挖支护后出现非对称变形破坏、维护困难的问题,综合采用现场地质调研、微观物化实验、理论分析、数值计算的方法,分析了巷道非对称变形破坏的影响因素,发现了巷道变形破坏过程具有明显的阶段性,揭示了无支护条件下巷道围岩应力及塑性区分布规律和原对称支护条件下巷道非对称变形破坏特征。在此基础上,提出了“薄弱结构”的概念及“巷道整体稳定,薄弱结构加强支护”的非对称控制技术,并在现场进行了工业性试验。实践表明：非对称控制技术实现了支护结构与巷道围岩协调变形,显著控制了巷道围岩变形,有效避免了巷道围岩变形进入长时流变状态,保证了巷道的整体稳定。

英文摘要：

In response to the issues of asymmetric distortion and failure of roadway and hard mainte-nance after excavation of support in Meihe coal mine,field geological investigation,rock mechanics experiment,microstructure materialization experiment,theoretical analysis and numerical simulation calculation are used synthetically in this paper to analyze the main factors responsible for asymmetric distortion and failure of the roadway. The research found out that the process of the roadway distortion and failure has significant stages and revealed the distribution of stress and plastic zone in the condition of non-support,the asymmetric distortion and failure characteristics of roadway under the condition of original symmetric support. On this basis, the paper proposed the concept of ‘weak structure’ and asymmetric control technology of‘roadway overall stability,weak structure reinforced support’,and industrial test is implemented in the field. The practice proves that the compatible deformation of sup-port structure and surrounding rock is realized,the deformation of surrounding rock of roadway is controlled remarkably and avoided getting into the status of long-term rheological;the overall stability of roadway is guaranteed by the asymmetric control technology.