中文摘要：

以肾细胞为研究对象，采用低温显微系统研究了不同降温速率时细胞的脱水传质过程，观察了冻结过程中细胞体积的变化；同时，采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）测定了肾细胞冻结过程中的放热量，通过理论模型计算出细胞冻结过程中的体积变化。由低温显微镜直接观察和 DSC 方法获得了相似的细胞体积和体积变化趋势。最后，针对不同的降温速率，根据细胞水分渗透模型计算出细胞膜水分的渗透系数和表观渗透活化能。这些参数的获得为优化细胞的保存条件提供了理论依据。

英文摘要：

The renal cell was treated as the object for study. The cryomicroscopy was used to study the mass transfer process and the volume change of cells at different cooling rate. Meanwhile, the heat release during cooling was as-sessed by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, and the volume change was calculated by the theoretic model. The data obtained from cryomicroscopy and DSC are in good agreement in terms of cell volume and changing trends. The membrane permeability and the activation energy were calculated according to cell volume data obtained by cryomi-croscopy. These parameters can provide theoretical basis for the optimization of cell preservation conditions.