中文摘要：

摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）是基于摩擦生电和静电感应复合原理将机械能转换为电能的一种新型能源获取方式.本文采用模板法制备了几种不同参数的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）微圆柱结构,并组装成TENG,实验研究了接触区表面积、外加载荷对TENGs输出性能的影响.结果表明,圆形微柱阵列的存在有效提高了TENG的作用面积及电输出性能,相同载荷下,电输出随微柱间距离减小而增加,在间距为15μm、载荷为5 N时,输出的平均开路电压和短路电流分别为88 V和15μA,是同等条件下、微柱间距为50μm电输出的1.5倍以上;电输出随载荷增加呈准线性增加,ANSYS软件模拟载荷作用下PDMS微圆柱织构的变形行为,结果表明,压力作用下,微圆柱主要发生压缩变形,基底的变形导致微柱与上电极之间产生侧向摩擦,从而产生更多电荷,提升了电输出性能。

英文摘要：

Contact electrification between insulators, manifesting as static or triboelectricity is a well-known effect. The triboelectric nanogenerator（TENG） which is based on the contact triboelectricification and electrostatic induction provides a promising route for harvesting ambient mechanical energy and converting it into electric energy. The TENG which is due to its unique properties such as simple structures, low cost, high electric density etc., can offset or even replace the traditional power source for small portable electronics, sensors and so on. So far, the influence of factors on the output performance of TENG is still trapped in unsettled questions and under debate. In this paper, we prepare several textured polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS） films with micro rod array by model method and fabricate a TENG with a size of 22 mm × 22 mm. The electric generation can be achieved with a cycled process of contact and separation between a polymer and metal electrode（PDMS and aluminum respectively in this study）. Several influences as the surface structure and external load on the electrical output of the TENG are systematically studied by integrating use of experimenal tests and ANSYS simulation. Results show that the existence of micro rod array on the PDMS films effectively enlarges the contact area and provides more surfaces for charge storage and hence improve the output performance of TENG. When keeping the external load constant, the output increases with decreasing distance between micro rods. When the external load is 5 N and the distance is 15 μm, the average output voltage and current as high as 88 V and 15 μA can be achieved respectively, which is 1.5 times higher than the output generated when the distance is 50 μm. The electrical output increases quasilinearly with the increase of the external load. Simulation results show that the micro rods of PDMS films are mainly compressed by normal load, which results in a bigger diameter of micro rods. The deformations of PDMS substrate leads to the late