中文摘要：

采用测桶移位受淹试验的方法,研究水稻在拔节孕穗期淹水逆境下生理性状、光合特性和产量要素的响应特征。结果表明,淹水深度占株高2/4的各处理略有增产,淹水深度占株高3/4和没顶淹水的处理随淹水历时增加减产程度加剧。没顶淹水9d处理水稻株高增长加快,出水后株高高于对照组约10cm。在水稻光合特性反应方面,淹水深度占株高2/4处理的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度在各处理中最大,各淹水处理光合指标表现为：2/4 h〉对照组〉3/4 h〉4/4 h。就产量要素方面而言,拔节孕穗期内淹水导致水稻结实率降低、穗长变短、秕粒数和干物质重增加。根据淹水试验资料,建立了水稻分蘖期淹水胁迫条件下产量损失预测模型,其中以R_y=-0.0008 SSW＋1.122 1最为适用。水稻对拔节孕穗期短期淹水有一定的适应能力,以淹水历时9d减产10%为限,水稻在拔节孕穗期的蓄滞雨洪深度上限为40~50cm。研究成果可为洪涝灾害管理、灾害损失快速评估及排水标准提供参考。

英文摘要：

The response of physiological characters ,photosynthetic characteristics and yield components under the adversity of inun‐dation during rice jointing-booting stage was studied by carrying on the experiment of submergence of displacement barrel ,The re‐sults showed that the yield increased when the submergence ratio is 2/4 of the plant height ,the yield decreased rapidly according to the submergence duration when the ratio is 3/4 and complete plant submergence .Under the condition of complete plant submergence for 9d ,the rice plant height grew rapidly and the plant height above the water surface is 10 cm higher than the control group .In the aspect of photosynthetic characteristic response ,the leaf net photosynthetic rate ,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance are the largest when the submergence ratio is 2/4 .For the other submergence experiments the photosynthetic characteristics index can be ranked as 2/4 h〉 control group〉 3/4 h〉4/4 h .For the yield components ,the seed setting rate and spike neck length were de‐creased ,while blighted grains and dry matter weight were increased during the rice jointing-booting stage .The predicting model of yield losses under the submergence stress during the jointing-booting stage was established .The model is the most appropriate when Ry= -0 .000 8 SSW ＋ 1 .122 1（r2 =0 .937 ,P〈0 .05） .The experiment showed rice has the adaptive capability to submergence in the jointing-booting stage .The upper limit of water submergence depth during the rice jointing-booting stage is 40~50 cm ,if the yield reduction limit is 10% for 9 d submergence .This research can provide references for the waterlogging monitoring ,fast evalua‐tion of damage and waterlogged field drainage standard determination .