中文摘要：

挥发性有机化合物（VOC）是室内最常见的污染物之一,主要来源于室内各种装饰装修材料的散发。通风是去除室内VOC最直接有效的方法,但不同的通风模式以及持续时间、风量大小都会使其室内浓度和可能产生的人体暴露量有所差异。本文以我国华东地区为例,通过文献调研了该地区新装修住宅室内甲醛的浓度水平,并以此估算了平均散发源强度。在此基础上,模拟计算了该地区的住宅建筑在夏季、冬季和过渡季,不同密闭情况下分别采用自然通风与机械通风时室内VOC浓度变化和可能的暴露量。模拟结果表明,室内VOC浓度与自然通风开关窗情况密切相关,当开窗通风时浓度迅速降低,关窗时浓度显著升高。各季节室内VOC日平均浓度主要由开窗通风时间决定,总体表现为冬季高于过渡季,过渡季又高于夏季,开窗时间越长、频率越高,日均浓度越小。在房间适宜开窗的情况下,自然通风去除室内污染物的效果远好于机械通风,但对于密闭性较好的住宅来说,在冬季和过渡季时,机械通风时室内的平均浓度要低于自然通风。

英文摘要：

Volatile organic compounds （VOC） were one of the most ubiquitous pollutants indoors. Indoor decorating and renovating materials were main indoor VOC emission sources. Ventilation was regarded as the most direct and effective method to remove indoor pollutants. However, ventilation modes, duration and rate could have great effects on indoor concentration and exposure. This study reviewed indoor formaldehyde measurement results of the newly decorated residences in Eastern China and the average source strength was also estimated. Indoor formaldehyde concentration and exposure under natural and mechanical ventilation in summer, winter and transient seasons were simulated based on the estimated source strength. Simulation results indicated that indoor formaldehyde concentration was highly related to the window open behavior. Concentration decreased rapidly when windows opened and increased quickly when closed. The average indoor formaldehyde concentrations in different seasons were mainly determined by the window opening time with the highest average concentration in the winter, followed by transient seasons while lowest in the summer. The longer the time duration was, the more frequent windows should be open and hence the lower the average concentration will be. Under a condition suitable for window opening, natural ventilation could exert a much better effect on indoor pollutant removal than mechanical ventilation. However, when it came to residences with high air tightness and infiltration rate, the average concentration under mechanical ventilation was lower than natural ventilation in winter and transient seasons.