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中文摘要：
近年来,在国际上日益重视防灾减灾的背景下,脆弱性研究已成为灾害学研究的主题并逐渐融入社会可持续发展策略。在回顾国内外灾害脆弱性研究发展的基础上,阐述了脆弱性的基本内涵,探究了自然灾害脆弱性的基本构成,并对灾害研究领域中容易混淆的危险性、脆弱型、风险、易损性与恢复力等概念进行了辨析。研究归纳总结了开展脆弱性评估的5种经典模式,风险-灾害（RH）模式、压力释放（PAR）模式、政治经济模式、基于区域的综合脆弱性模式和恢复力模式。并且指出,自然灾害研究领域的脆弱性评估应主要基于历史数据、指标体系和实际调查的灾损率曲线。从发展趋势来看,脆弱性研究正日益着重多领域合作、多对象细化和除指标体系外多种方法的综合应用,旨在从人类社会本身找出灾难根源,为灾害保险和政府决策提供有效指导。
英文摘要：
In recent years,disaster prevention and reduction is emphasized more and more in international society.Vulnerability becomes a theme in disaster research and is gradually integrated in the sustainable development strategy.After reviewing the progress of vulnerability research at home and abroad,this paper briefly describes the process of vulnerability origin and development,includes the conceptions and frameworks of the glossary and summarizes risk-hazard model,pressure-and-release model,political-economy model,integrated model and resilience model on vulnerability assessment in several fields.There are three main methods in the vulnerability assessment about natural disasters.That is historical disaster data based method,indicator system based method and investigation-based disaster loss rate curve method.In the future,interdisciplinary cooperation,multi-scale objects integration and the compositive use of several methods are the trendency in vulnerability study.We aim at finding the origin of vulnerability in the human society and providing effective basis for insurance and decision-making of governments.
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