中文摘要：

小动物PET是动物实验中不可或缺的一种显像模式，被广泛应用于生命科学、医学等多个领域．本文介绍了近年来小动物PET应用于神经科学研究的进展，从代谢显像、血流显像、受体显像和基因显像等4个方面出发，阐述了小动物PET在这些领域的应用，以及它体现出来的优势与不足．面对小动物PET应用的不断拓展对其仪器性能提出的更高要求，以应用为导向、将探测器系统设计与图像重建算紧密结合的小动物PET系统设计思路将成为未来的趋势．

英文摘要：

The use of small animal positron emission tomography （PET） is one of the most important imaging methods in animal experiments, and is widely used in many research fields, including life sciences, medicine and others. This paper reviews the latest applications of small animal PET on neuroscience research, including studies of metabolism, blood flow, receptor and gene imaging. The advantages and insufficiencies of small animal PET in these applications are also discussed. Higher performance is required as the use of small animal PET becomes more widespread. Future studies should focus on implementing an application-oriented system design strategy, combining the design of detection systems and the development of reconstruction algorithms as a whole.