太阳风向磁层-电离层(Magnetosphere and Ionosphere,MI)系统输入能量,而输入的能量随后在MI系统中消耗.本文从能量守恒原理出发,讨论太阳风-磁层-电离层(SMI)耦合过程中的能流路径和能量收支的定量关系.主要讨论9个问题:(1)太阳风向MI系统的能量输入,(2)MI系统对能量输入的响应,(3)环电流的能量消耗,(4)极区电离层焦耳加热的能量消耗,(5)极光粒子沉降的能量消耗,(6)磁尾能量的消耗、储存以及返回下游太阳风,(7)平静期间的能量积累与释放,(8)能量在不同能汇中的分配,(9)评价能量函数的准则和方法.
On the basis of the principle of energy conservation,this paper reviews the aspects on energy input and dissipation in the coupling processes of the Solar wind,Magnetosphere and Ionosphere (SMI coupling).We focus on the following 9 principle issues:(1) solar wind energy input,(2) magnetosphere response to solar wind energy injection,(3) ring current dissipation,(4) Joule heating in the polar ionosphere,(5) auroral particle precipitation,(6) energy dissipation and storage in the magnetotail,and energy returning from the magnetosphere to solar wind,(7) energy accumulation and dissipation during quiet periods,(8) energy partitioning in different sinks,(9) the criterions and methods for assessing energy function.