中文摘要：

随着核能事业的快速发展，人们越来越关注锕系核素对生态环境和生物体所造成的影响，其中锕系元素的生物毒理行为正成为核能基础研究热点之一。锕系阳离子与生物分子特别是多肽和蛋白质的相互作用研究对于理解其在生物体内转运、吸收和沉积等基本毒理学问题至关重要。铀作为核燃料循环中主要的锕系元素，其毒理学问题更具研究意义。本文综述了铀酰离子（UO2＋2）在分子水平上与氨基酸、多肽和蛋白质之间相互作用机理的研究进展。分析了所形成配合物的配位模式、分子结构以及热力学数据等；评价了血浆蛋白对铀在人体内转运、吸收和沉积所起的作用；讨论了能特异性识别 UO2＋2的多肽和蛋白质的设计原理，对本领域今后的发展动向也进行了展望。

英文摘要：

With the rapid development of nuclear energy industry, the bio-toxicities of actinides have drawn more and more attention with respect to their potential harmful effects on ecological environment and bio-organisms. Studying the interaction mechanisms of actinide cations with biomolecules, especially peptides or proteins, can provide useful information in molecular level for understanding the transportation, absorption and deposition pathways of actinides invivo.Uranium,as a central actinide in nuclear fuel cycle, deserves more research endeavors.In this work,recent progresses about the interaction mechanisms between uranyl （UO2＋2 ）and amino acids,peptides and proteins are reviewed. The coordination modes,molecular structures and thermodynamic data of UO2＋2 -peptide complexes are selectively highlighted.The possible roles of the plasma proteins play in UO2＋2 transportation,absorption and deposition are discussed.In addition,the basic principles for designing UO2＋2 specific binding peptides and proteins are presented.