中文摘要：

为解决高温高压下物质黏性的测量问题,Sakharov曾提出一种冲击波小扰动实验方法,但人们一直未从理论上给出这类特定冲击波流场中扰动振幅衰减特性与黏性系数之间的量化关联.本文首次针对Mineev等的实验条件采用数值解方法定量地研究了金属铝（Al）中复杂流场演化过程、正弦形波阵面上相对扰动幅度的演化特征和它们的黏性效应,给出了相对扰动幅度衰减曲线的零点相对距离与黏性系数之间的定量关系.与Zaidel的均匀流场模型以及Miller等的非均匀流场模型相比,本文求解的流场演变问题已经接近实验的真实情况.利用本文数值解建立起来的实验数据分析方法,Sakharov小扰动方法可以给出更为可信的黏性系数测量结果.本文重新分析了Mineev等的实验数据,发现Al在31GPa冲击压力和2×106s-1应变率条件下等效黏性系数值应修正为1100Pa·s,仅为原实验分析结果的二分之一.

英文摘要：

To solve the method of measuring the viscosity of related substance at high pressures and high temperatures,Sakharov has proposed an experimental method of small disturbance in shock wave.However,the quantitative relation between the disturbance amplitude damping and viscosity in Sakharov flow field has not been given by theory.In this paper,the propagation of complex flow in Al,the development of relative disturbance amplitude on sinusoidal shock front,and the effect of viscosity on it are studied,and the relation between the relative distance of zero-point on the disturbance amplitude damping curve and viscosity is given.Compared with Zaidel＇s uniform flow model and Millers＇nonuniform flow model,our Sakharov flow is close to real experiment.From our numerical analysis method,Sakharov small disturbance experiment can give a credible viscosity coefficient.We analyze the experimental data of Mineev again,and find the effective viscosity coefficient of Al at shock pressure 31 GPa and strain rate 2×106 s-1 should be modified by 1100 Pa·s,which is half of the former analytic result.