中文摘要：

研究目标：估计中国的增加值出口比率，并从增加值贸易角度讨论中国比较优势的动态演变。研究方法：基于企业销售目的地和贸易方式的异质性，使用增加值贸易核算方法。研究发现：不考虑企业销售目的和贸易方式的异质性，会高估中国的增加值出口比率；传统的总值贸易统计低估了中国劳动密集型和资本密集型行业的出口竞争力，高估了中国技术密集型行业的出口竞争力，导致明显的比较优势逆转问题；传统的总值贸易统计将中国制造业和技术密集型行业对美国的贸易顺差规模分别高估了609／6和85％左右。研究创新：构建了新的显示比较优势指数。研究价值：为中国的国际贸易谈判和反击针对中国的贸易保护主义和反倾销调查等，提供了经验证据。

英文摘要：

Research Objectives： This paper measures the Ratio of Value Added Exports （RVAE） in China and discusses the dynamic evolution of Chinese comparative. Research Method： This paper distinguishes Chinese processing trade and normal trade, and uses trade in value added accounting. Research Findings： we will overstate the RVAE in China and exaggerate Chinese export creativity and capacity, if we don＇t consider the heterogeneity of firm＇s sale destina- tion and trade regime. The conventional gross trade measure understates the export competi- tiveness in Chinese labor-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries, but overstates the export competitiveness in Chinese technology-intensive industries seriously. Moreover, based on the gross trade measure, the trade surplus between China and USA in manufactur- ing industries and technology-intensive industries is exaggerated by around 60 % and 85% re- spectively. Research Innovations： we construct new revealed comparative advantage in- dex. Research Values： Our study is very important for Chinese trade negotiation and dealing with the increasing trade protectionism and anti-dumping to China.