中文摘要：

气孔是植物与外界进行气体交换的通道。植物通过调节表皮气孔的开闭、大小和数目来优化气体的通过量，从而适应自身的生存环境。最近的研究工作揭示了控制气孔发育的基本遗传途径，以及环境信号如何调控气孔发育的基本遗传途径。文章总结了控制植物气孔发育基本途径的分子基础以及外界环境因素（主要是光和二氧化碳）与激素信号对气孔发育的调控机制，并对将来本领域需要解决的几个问题提出了看法。

英文摘要：

Stomata mediate gas exchanges between plant and environment. To adapt to environmental conditions, plants open and close stomatal pores and even regulate the number of stomata that develop on the epidermis. Recent studies have brought to light the elements of the genetic basis underlying stomatal development. They have also revealed how these ele- ments are controlled by environmental factors （mainly light and carbon dioxide）. In this review, we discussed the molecular basis of stomatal development and physiological mechanisms regulating this process. Future prospects related to stomatal development are proposed.