中文摘要：

植物是医用药物的重要来源之一，约占整个医用药物市场的1／4以上。现代生物技术的发展进一步拓宽了植物在医药领域的应用范围，许多具有重要应用价值的重组药用蛋白在植物中获得成功表达，部分重组药用蛋白已进入商业化应用阶段。与其他重组药用蛋白生产系统相比，植物叶绿体生产系统具有独特的优势，如外源基因的高效和稳定表达、多基因表达、环境安全等。利用植物叶绿体表达系统生产的重组药用蛋白和疫苗已达40多种。本研究对近年来利用叶绿体表达重组药用蛋白和疫苗的研究进展进行了综述，并就植物叶绿体表达重组药用蛋白方面的几个问题进行了探讨。

英文摘要：

Plants have been used for human medicine for many centuries and account for about one fourth of present prescription drugs. Advances in modern biotechnology have further extended the potentials and applications of plants for human medicine development. Many important recombinant pharmaceutical proteins have been successfully expressed in plants and some of them are even in the commercial pipeline. Among several production strategies, chloroplast engineering offers a number of unique advantages including high-efficiency and stable expression, multi-gene expression in single transformation event, environment-friendliness, etc.. More than 40 functionally active recombinant pharmaceutical proteins such as vaccines and various other therapeutic proteins have been successfully produced through chloroplasts engineering. In this paper, we gave a review on recent advances in recombinant pharmaceuticals and vaccines production in chloroplasts. Some considerations for the chloroplast-derived pharmaceuticals production were also discussed.